How to Build a Startup Ecosystem…

Chicago’s startup ecosystem is exploding. But so are others all across the country and around the world, with varying levels of success. I wanted to talk about the mix of ingredients that are needed to make a startup ecosystem thrive over time, so leaders in your local communities can have a blueprint to follow to propel your local startup ecosystem, and hopefully, your own success in the process.

The most important ingredients.

Access to Great Ideas. Great ideas turn into great businesses. Think building “platforms” over “features,” or “wisdom” over “widgets,” or “painkillers” over “vitamins.” Startups are hard in all cases, might as well be working on really big ideas.

Access to Talent. Great entrepreneurs, preferably serial entrepreneurs that have learned from prior mistakes, are ultimately going to dictate the success of their businesses, and in turn, the success of the ecosystem.

Access to Capital. The best ideas and the best talent are useless without the capital to fund their vision. If that capital is local, great; investors like to invest close to home. If that capital is located in another city, that is also great, provided investors in those towns are willing to deal with travel (which they often don’t).

It is critical that the capital be available to support each stage of development, from seed to early to growth stages of your business. Having seed stage, but not Series A or Series B stage, is a recipe for a likely “flame-out” of that startup, when they hit the wall in that level of their growth.

Access to Customers. To me, this is the most important piece. Customers drive revenues. Revenues impress investors. Investors fund growth. Growth leads to big exits. Big exits leads to a robust ecosystem. This often means tight partnerships between early stage ideas with later stage companies to buy those services (ones who are supportive to the local startup community).

The key players.

Entrepreneurs. Duh, you need experienced teams running the startup businesses. With an equal balance of needed skill sets — from strategy, to marketing, to technology, etc.

Mentors. First time entrepreneurs need to be able to ask questions of experienced leaders, to help get up the learning curve without making the same mistakes of their predecessors.

Investors. Whether these are individual angels, organized angel networks, venture capital firms, private equity firms, family offices, corporations or other funding sources doesn’t matter. What matters is the money is flowing from whoever can cut the checks for that stage of a business’s growth.

Related: First Meeting With an Investor? These 5 Guidelines Will Help

Incubators. This category picks up everything from shared office spaces for startups, all the way up to formal startup accelerator programs with formal educational curriculums. The point is, entrepreneurs can learn from each other when they are in close proximity to each other.

Universities. A lot of the biggest business ideas are born from the research inside universities. Having a healthy technology transfer process for these ideas to be monetized by business leaders is key. And, university professors need to know: It is perfectly acceptable to try and monetize their ideas, at the same time they are trying to win a Nobel prize.

Corporations. The big companies in town help in many ways. They invest through corporate venture capital funds. They become potential customers of new local startups. They have pain points of their own that a local startup can solve for them. They are often the exit for startups that have gotten large in size.You need a really healthy interaction between the startups and corporations working towards a common goal.

Associations/Events. There are many groups in town that help organize and propel the ecosystem. This could be industry trade associations, venture capital associations, entrepreneur networking groups, chambers of commerce, economic development groups, etc. Leverage these groups of like-minded people at their big annual events or leverage their tools (e.g., job boards on their websites).

Government. Whether it is at the city, county or state level, your local government can play a very important role. That could include providing tax incentives for startups to launch in their city, tax-free profits on any capital gains in a startup (to help stimulate investment), passing ecosystem friendly laws (like free access to the internet), or establishing venture capital funds with a portion of their treasury.

Service Providers. The lawyers, accountants, bankers, recruiters, agencies, advisors and consultants in your community all play a role. The more experienced they are with startups, the better advice they will bring to the ecosystem.

Optimal ownership and economics.

Spread Equity Deep. Most entrepreneurs concentrate equity into only a couple people at the top of the organization. It is better to spread equity deep into other employees, as well. Why? Because if employees have a vested interest in the business, they will work harder towards hitting the goal. And, when the company sells for $1 billion, it creates hundreds of multi-millionaires that have new-found funds to start their next startup, powering the ecosystem to the next level.

Serial Exits. Selling companies for big returns impresses investors. But, often times a first time entrepreneur will see a $50 million sale as “big money,” and sell too early to put some cash in the bank for a rainy day. But, a second or third time entrepreneur has already banked cash from their first exit, and now they are in a position to “roll the dice,” walking away from a $50 million sale in hopes of a $500 million sale down the road.

Reinvest Returns. Money that simply goes into the bank account, or into safe real estate investments, does not help the ecosystem. The money needs to round-trip back into the community. So, if you sell for $100 million, hopefully a good chunk of that is funding other startups in the ecosystem.

Related: Why Success Is a Far More Effective Teacher Than Failure

Shoot for the Moon. Many investors are simply too conservative for a startup ecosystem to be successful. Silicon Valley prides itself on “failure as a badge of honor,” as the lessons learned in one bad startup will apply to the next good startup. If you are too conservative, trying to cross potential “strikeouts” off your list, you are most likely crossing off potential “home runs” at the same time.

Key assets and initiatives.

It Takes Leadership. It takes a couple cheerleaders at the top that are going to “plant the flag” to have everyone rally around those goals for the community. Preferably, somebody that can put their money where their mouth is, and can lean on their deep rolodex of key relationships in your region (e.g., the governor, the mayor, the local billionaires).

Leverage Local Strengths. Figure out what your region does better than others, and focus your efforts around those industries or skills. For example, New York would be a great place for financial startups and Los Angeles would be a great place for entertainment related startups, given the high concentration of experts in each.

It Requires Startup Density. It will be really hard to build a robust community in very small towns. There simply isn’t enough activity, breadth of industries or depth of expertise in any one industry to be effective. So, either live in a town big enough to support an ecosystem, or prepare for a lot of travel between a bunch of smaller regions that have been aggregated into one community.

Collaborate Across Regions. Don’t think a startup ecosystem is isolated to your city. The best startup ecosystems feed off each other. Think about the collaboration happening between New York and Boston startups, given their close proximity to each. Or, between Detroit and Germany, because they both serve the auto industry, as examples.

Publicity Helps. The rest of the country needs to know what you are up to. It should be less about your desire to build an ecosystem and more about the venture capital flowing into your region, or big exits being realized at big valuations. So, celebrate your successes, and put those success stories locally “on display,” or nationally “on the road.” That will attract investors and talent wanting to check it out.

Progress Must Be Measured. As with any business endeavor, you must have good measurement with which to manage it. Quantify key metrics like the amount of capital raised, investor value created, companies formed, jobs created and material exits in your market. Shoot to have those metrics improve year over year.

It Can’t Be Forced. The community needs to share a common goal. The goal of building a robust community can’t simply be embraced by a few, to be forced upon others; it has to be embraced by everybody participating in the community for it to be successful.

It Takes Time. Don’t expect miracles overnight. Ecosystems are not built in years, they are built over decades. That is why Silicon Valley’s startup ecosystem is as big as it is; they have literally been working on it since the 1970’s, to become a fine-tuned machine after 40 years of optimization.

Related: A Brief History of Silicon Valley, the Region That Revolutionizes How We Do Everything

Hopefully, you now have a better understanding of what it takes to build a robust startup ecosystem. You can’t do it by yourself; you must collaborate as a symbiotic community with a shared set of common goals between people that are equally happy helping others, as they are at helping themselves. Layout the blue print for your city, let it percolate for a couple decades and hopefully good things will come.